“As I write this, in November 1971, people are dying in East Bengal from lack of food, shelter, and medical care” Singer stated. (Pojman 759) Peter Singer is an ethical and political philosophy that is well known for his founding movement of modern animal rights. (Peter Singer) Moreover, he believed that people who are suffering … Read more
The origin of the Polynesian people has been one of the most disputed scientific mysteries regarding ancient maritime migrations. The roots of the people of Polynesia had always thought to have been South Asia, namely the island nations like Indonesia. This was the common dogma until Thor Heyerdahl, a ethnologist at the University of Oslo, … Read more
According to the article, “The Coming of the Laviathan” by Francis Fukuyama, I believe that it claims that all tribes will soon become a state by following a cycle that will help the tribes achieve and understand how to establish a centralized authority. I will summarize “The Coming of the Laviathan” and analyze the article … Read more
The soccer who most people watch around the world is the men one. The women soccer is not as broadcasted on TV as men’s, and the gap between it is not small. There are a huge difference on men’s and women’s soccer in terms of which one is more famous and broadcast around the world. … Read more
Religion Origins: Tenrikyo is known as monotheistic Religion, and is the Biggest and most successful section of Shinto in japan; it was founded in the 19 century, and is often thought of like the evangelistic “new religions” (like Islam, Christianity, etc.) of japan. Tenrikyo is Japanese in origin which means, “The Religion Of Divine Wisdom”. … Read more
During the Tokugawa period of Japan a singular map consisted of numerous feudal towns and villages each ruled by individual daimyo lords. The list of individual domains was enormous, so too was the list of cultures, traditions, and material goods specific to the domains and feudal families that lived within the domain’s borders. The right … Read more
did not get lost in the city. We reached the museum about 30 minutes after the museum had opened its doors. We were pretty early. While the volunteers, and other staff members were getting ready for the interviews we had in store for them, we helped ourselves around the museum, and had a quick lesson … Read more
King Henry II and Thomas Bennett were very close friends . Henry was the king of England and he had a great opportunity . The Theobald archbishop of Canterbury was the head of church of england and he saw potential in Thomas. He put him under his church tree and through that Thomas gained experiences … Read more
Although the United States government promises its people that they live in a true democratic country, the United States is definitely not a democracy. A democracy by definition is “the government by people. ” However, the United States looks as if it is a constitutional republic, rather than democracy. A constitutional republic is “a state … Read more
If someone asks about the Great Leaders of Russian History, there will be the two leaders, Stalin and peter the great. Stalin is the Dictator of the Soviet Union, the 19th century of Russia that industrialize the Soviet Union. Whereas the Peter the Great, the 17th century dictator of Russian Empire that modernize and westernize … Read more
Until recently the history of America’s first Thanksgiving was a cute animated cartoon in my mind. While little is known about the occurrence, the little we do know tells a tale of betrayal and misjudgment. The issues facing the pilgrims and the Wampanogs were primarily different cultural practices, language barriers, and religious bigotry. These differences … Read more
Thank you, Niveet, for that lovely introduction. It’s a pleasure to be with all of you tonight at the 24 Karat Club of Southern California. This organization shares many of the values and visions of the American Gem Society, such as a commitment to excellence and business ethics. Al Woodhill, who was our executive director … Read more
Money is the root of evil. A Long Way Gone and The Bite of the Mango are both memoirs of the Sierra Leone Civil War. Although the book does not touch upon the causes of the civil war, through research diamonds were a main contributor and a cause of the war. Sierra Leone was embedded … Read more
Have you visited a national park? Do you ever walk around and enjoy nature? You can thank a man named John Muir. John Muir was a naturalist who can be known as “The Father of Our National Parks”. He helped preserve many of our national parks that we see today. John Muir and his love … Read more
Land of the free home of the brave, an all encompassing American dream has been set out as the goal for all Americans today. A simple equation of education, hard work, dedication and skill is to be summed up into a simple escalation on the social ladder. This simple equation should yield results so that … Read more
Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, at the end of his second Presidential term, delivered his farewell address to the nation. The generation of the day was apparently more focused on the up and coming next President, John F. Kennedy then they were with the warning that President Eisenhower issued. The … Read more
The Mountain Path at Utsu and the Autumn Festival were both created during the Edo period, which lasted from 1615 to 1868 C. E. During this time period, the capital shifted from Kyoto to Edo, or today’s modern Tokyo. The Edo period also represents a movement in society away from a strict hierarchical system, where … Read more
My great grandmother Hayashida used to tell me horrendous stories of days that seemed to be from a lifetime ago, stories that were so terrible until recently I believed them to be fiction. Childhood stories of confinement and curfews, laws and discrimination. She often told me she had a hard time recalling exact events because … Read more
Domestic terrorism is when actors commit terrorism against their own government. Domestic terrorists typically seek some kind of change and are nativistic and xenophobic. Domestic terrorism is most dangerous to governments because it specifically targets the government in order to take over or change the way it is being run. It is also more dangerous … Read more
Is Government Good or Bad? “In Discussion: Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli’s view on Government” “The Master leads by emptying people’s mind and filling their cores, by weakening their ambition and toughening their resolve. He helps people lose everything they know, everything they desire, and creates confusion in those who think that they know. ” (Page 19). … Read more
BOOM! That was the sound a B-17 crew heard when an anti-aircraft shell exploded directly in front of their heavily armored plane. The crew of 10 rushed to the cockpit fearing the worst. The pilot relayed that engine two was completely destroyed and engine four was severally damaged; the news was devastating because this left … Read more
The Indian’s most likely did not understand why the catholic priest was there. They crucified him because he tried converting them to be Catholics. The Indians did not understand the intentions of the first Catholic priest; they did not know that he was there to help them. He most likely tried to force his ideas … Read more
Did you know that the yellow fever is estimated to infect 200,000 people a year causing 30,000 deaths. 90% of these deaths are in Africa. In Fever 1793, there is an outbreak of the yellow fever in the newly born country now called the United States of America. The main character, Matilda is very childish … Read more
According to (Porter, 2008) some historians have refuted and claimed that the empire does have the influence on British culture and national identity. Famous historian Bernard Porter has made an argument about the extent of imperial propaganda, which has been grossly exaggerated for the period earlier to the 1880’s, and after few decades later the … Read more
As the chief diplomat of the United States, the president is the dominant force in foreign policy making. The explicit powers of the president that are granted by the Constitution – “chief executive, head of state, Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy” – are all associated with foreign affairs and policy making in … Read more
Walgreens has been a U. S. company since Charles R. Walgreen Sr. opened his first drug store in Chicago in 1901. Today, Walgreens has a total of 8,678 stores, in every state and U. S. territories. Last year, however, it proposed to become a Switzerland firm. The CEO of Walgreens planed to merge with Europe-based … Read more
In 1963 Martin Luther King gave the most powerful and famous speech in the history of the United States. 40 years later, no other speech has been able to overcome the effect that this speech has had on the American people generation after generation. Despite the fact that the message of the speech is perhaps … Read more
In article 31 of the Refugee Convention, Asylum Seekers are stated to have a right to enter a country in seek of Asylum. Approximately 35-50 people are granted refugee status in Australia, all of which are from offshore detention centres. These are Australia’s offshore detention centres. The first is a well-known centre of Australia, Christmas … Read more
Sherman Alexies short story “This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona” tells a story about Victor, a broken, lonely young Indian man, who is shaped by the circumstances of the reservation. He not only finds out that he lost his job but also that his father has passed away due to a heart … Read more
Inaugurated as president on Jan. 20, 1989, Bush brought an informal atmosphere to the White House. The Bushes greeted tourists on his first full day as president. In June 1990 Bush abandoned his “Read my lips. No new taxes” campaign pledge and acknowledged that new or increased taxes were necessary. Many Republican conservatives were critical … Read more
On assuming office in 1977, President Carter inherited an economy that was slowly emerging from a recession. He had severely criticized former President Ford for his failures to control inflation and relieve unemployment, but after four years of the Carter presidency, both inflation and unemployment were considerably worse than at the time of his inauguration. … Read more
The new president tried to restore public confidence in the national leadership and in the institutions of government. His administration was one of the most open in years, and Ford sought to emphasize candor in his relationships with the public and the press. But in both domestic and world affairs he inherited problems that did … Read more
As the United States shifted toward a peacetime economy, inflation and unemployment beset it. In 1971 Nixon temporarily froze wages and prices, cut federal spending, and announced that the United States would no longer convert foreign-held dollars into gold. The subsequent decline in the value of the dollar in relation to other major currencies made … Read more
At the top of the new president’s agenda was enactment of Kennedy’s proposals on civil rights and taxes. The proposals had been made earlier in the year, but Congress had failed to take final action on them. Now, however, Congress acted. With Johnson in the White House, Congress behaved in domestic affairs, as it had … Read more
The initial domestic objectives of the new administration were to balance the budget, reduce the agricultural surplus by lowering price supports for farm products, and institute a loyalty program that would discourage the investigations of Senator McCarthy. Apart from Eisenhower’s inexperience, other obstacles impeded his efforts. Groups accustomed to receiving financial aid from the federal … Read more
The Truman Doctrine, which granted aid to Greece and Turkey and promised assistance to other nations threatened “by armed minorities or by outside pressure”; the Marshall Plan, which used American economic resources to stimulate the recovery of European economies outside the Soviet sphere; the Berlin airlift, designed to maintain the Western presence in that city, … Read more
With the nation unprecedentedly prosperous and with large Republican majorities in Congress, Hoover began his administration under auspicious circumstances. In his campaign he had promised to call Congress into special session to consider farm relief and limited changes in the tariff. He called Congress into special session on April 15, 1929, and on June 15 … Read more
“Woof! You sure gotta climb a lotta steps to get to this Capitol Building here in Washington! But I wonder who that sad little scrap of paper is? I’m just a bill. Yes, I’m only a bill, and I’m sitting here on Capitol Hill. Well, it’s a long, long journey to the capital city. It’s … Read more
The Monroe Doctrine can be considered as the United States first major declaration to the world as a fairly new nation. The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of United States policy on the activity and rights of powers in the Western Hemisphere during the early to mid 1800s. The doctrine established the United States position … Read more
The United States of America is the most heavily armed population in the world. There are 200 Million guns and 60 to 65 Million legal owners who have one or more guns. In the United States, more than half of the households have guns. In 1974, nearly two million guns were produced in the United … Read more
The position of being the president of the United States is the most powerful office in the world. The president is the leader of a nation of wealth and great military strength. Unlike most governments around the world, our president is the chief of state and a head of government. Also each and every president … Read more
In 1920, for the first time, the United States census revealed that more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas. This fact speaks to a dramatic cultural shift that had taken place. The older ethnically homogenous white Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) culture, characterized by their traditional religion and farm life fell into decline. Overtaking its … Read more
The basis of all law in the United States is the Constitution. This Constitution is a document written by “outcasts” of England. The Constitution of the United States sets forth the nation’s fundamental laws. It establishes the form of the national government and defines the rights and liberties of the American people. It also lists … Read more
As many Federal departments and agencies lurch into an era of running without funds, the leaders of both parties of Congress are spending less and less time searching for a compromise to balance the budget, and more and more time deciding how to use it to their advantage on the campaign trail. Meanwhile money is … Read more
I think it is the three combined together. Depending on the situation, whether economically, politically, or military, the European Union has acted as a threat, competitor or a partner to the United States. This could be demonstrated using different economic, political and military examples. First, lets look at the role and involvement of the United … Read more
The American presence began to grow throughout Mexico and it grew even stronger after the U. S civil war. This was happening because the Union Generals such as Grant and Sherman were leading the establishments of may of the major RailRoads because of their victory of the South. The souths defeat was a key reason … Read more
An integral component to the infrastructure of government is law enforcement. In over two hundred years of prosperity, the United States has relied heavily upon the integrity of its law enforcement in maintaining order and securing the civil liberties of the American. The conduct and code of the police force in the United States has … Read more
For the presidential election of 1856, the Democrats nominated James Buchanan and John Breckenridge, the newly formed Republican party nominated John Fremont and William Drayton, the American [or Know-Nothing] party nominated former president Millard Fillmore and Andrew Donelson, and the Abolition Party nominated Gerrit Smith and Samuel McFarland. Buchanan started his political career as a … Read more
The Latinos and Latinas of the United States have faced many challenges over the years. Despite their contributions to the making of the United States, they have and continue to experience social, economic, and political inequality. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the inequalities experienced by the Latinos and Latinas of the US. … Read more
“The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830’s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790’s than a change in that policy. ” The dictum above is firm and can be easily proved by … Read more
On the morning of Tuesday October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy was reading the Tuesday morning newspapers in his bed at the Whitehouse. Not twenty fours hours before, McGeorge Bundy, Kennedys national security adviser, received the results of Major Richard S. Heysers U-2 mission over San Cristobal Cuba. In light of recent mysterious Soviet … Read more
Americans, in the years following the end of World War I found themselves in an era, where the people simply wished to detach themselves from the troubles of Europeans and the rest of the world. During the years of the Twenties, the economy was prosperous, there was widespread social reform, new aspects of culture were … Read more
Vietnam is a small Asian country, 9000 miles away from the United States. Yet America felt that its national interest were threatened strong enough to fight a war over there. Their fear was caused by the spread of communism at that time. The role of communism was extremely important in this conflict. The United States … Read more
American Big Three producers (Chrysler, Ford and GM) and Japanese-owned manufacturers (Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki, Daihatsu and Isuzu). By distinguishing b/w these differences, a vehicle may be classified as domestic or foreign made. It provides a locational framework for understanding what an American automobile is. Although few are 100% domestic or foreign, the … Read more
Since the formation of the US political system there have only really been two main parties. It has remained this way due to a number of factors none more so that the impact of the constitution. The two party system is in some ways tied into the constitution and the nature of US politics has … Read more
In 1825, a group of American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900’s every … Read more
California has always been associated with cutting edge development and ideas. For over a century and a half it has been the leader of what the rest of the country follows. No single event has been as groundbreaking (literally and metaphorically) as the Gold Rush of 1849. This historic event single-handedly connected the East to … Read more
The Constitution Right from the beginning of its creation the constitution of the United States has been a shaky document. The very basis for it being there was in fact illegal. The story of American politics starts with the Declaration of Independence. This document was brilliantly written by Thomas Jefferson and compacted all of the … Read more
Many politicians oppose free international trade, trade without any restrictions, for a couple of reasons. From their point of view it would affect the United States in a couple of ways: 1. Many USA workers would lose their jobs because factories would be moved to the country with whom the U. S. has a Free … Read more
The evidence against President Clinton for sexual misconduct is very strong. There have been too many scandals that have surrounded his presidency. This forces the citizens of the United States to deny his plea of innocence. In the spring of 1995, Monica Lewinsky graduated from Lewis and Clark College. She then started an unpaid internship … Read more
During the 1930’s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the United States fell into the worst Depression in history. The effects of the depression were being felt everywhere in the United States. In 1933, sixteen million people were unemployed. Americans wanted and needed a change. They proved this by … Read more
Politics have been the family business for more than one family in the United States. The familiar family of several generations is the Kennedy family who remains in the political spotlight for fifty-three years and running. As Elizabeth Dole attempts to gain the Republican nomination for the 2000 presidential race she hopes to continue the … Read more
Mediation is a dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party assists the participants to reach a voluntary and informed settlement. Mediation and diplomacy have both been used more and more frequently after the Second World War in order to prevent such a tragedy from reoccurring. Diplomacy can be used in several ways, but … Read more
In the 1830s, there existed a deep division among the nations white population reguarding Native Americans. In their dealings with Native Americans, the first white settlers adopted policies that were shaped by their own European worldview and experience. When the United States became a nation, the new government built on this European foundation, but over … Read more
Three documents such as The Constitution of the United States, Thomas Malthuss Essay on the Principle of Population, and Karl Marxs and Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto all possess many similarities, yet there are also differences. The intentions of the authors are similar, due to the times these documents were written, and the historical contexts are … Read more
Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft’s monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, … Read more
Compensating the affairs of economic efficiency with the demands of sociopolitical rights is a constant source of tension in Canada and the United States alike. In no other element is this tension more apparent than in the group of complex markets we call the health care system. Canadians have been fortunate enough to receive a … Read more
Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States of America, was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda in Southern California to Francis A. and Hannah Milhous Nixon. Nixon had a very rough childhood. Due to the illness of Richard’s brother, his mother was rarely around. Richard’s father was a very loud … Read more
Many colonists, in the soon to be United States, felt that the English government under which they lived was not fulfilling the needs of its citizens. The poor governing of the British parliament and king left the colonies in a position where seceding from great Britain was the most logical solution. Colonist is a term … Read more
Corranle, all viene la migra! , translated into English, this means Run, there comes immigration! This is what illegal immigrants shout everyday when they are about to cross the Rio Grande in search for better lives. Unfortunately, not many get through alive because of the militarization that has developed on the U. S. border with … Read more
The white settlers were already emigrating to the Union, or America. The East Coast was burdened with new settlers and becoming vastly populated. President Andrew Jackson and the government had to find a way to move people to the West to make room. President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy in the year 1830. … Read more
John F. Kennedy’s greatest triumph as President of the United States came in 1962, as the world’s two largest superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, edged closer and closer to nuclear war. The Soviet premier of Russia was caught arming Fidel Castro with nuclear weapons. The confrontation left the world in fear for … Read more
Global outsourcing of American products and services is a trend that is becoming increasingly popular with large corporations. For the same services provided in the United States, corporations are finding quality work in other countries for a fraction of the cost. The country currently at the forefront of this trend is India. This paper will … Read more
For many years black people in the United States have struggled for their rights and their piece of the American dream. Now that the world is moving toward a new global era the African American person, worker and human has been left out of this turn in the century and, the system is letting them … Read more
Throughout the history of the United States of America, the Constitution has always been put to the test. The first amendment, which guarantees freedom of speech and the press, comes from William Blackstone of England who wrote, “The liberty of the press is indeed essential to the nature of a free state, but this consists … Read more
Not many people know of the used-to-be 150-mile excursion that the Glen Canyon had to offer. Not many people know how to sail a raft down a river for a week. Not many people know how to interact with nature and the animals that come with it. We seem to come from a world that … Read more
James Knox Polk, (1795-1849), 11th President of the United States, he was one of the hardest-working presidents in American history, Polk was unusually successful in accomplishing in a single four-year term his ambitious goals in both domestic and foreign policy. The vigor with which he pushed the annexation of Texas, the settlement of the territorial … Read more
The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation’s history. The United States first became directly involved in Vietnam in 1950 when President Harry Truman started to underwrite the costs of France’s war against the Viet Minh. Later, the presidencies of Dwight Eisenhower … Read more
Advanced Placement United States History Course Description: AP® U. S. History is a challenging course that is meant to be the equivalent of a freshman college course and can earn students college credit. It is a two-semester survey of American history from the age of exploration and discovery to the present. Solid reading and writing … Read more
The United States courts and history and its purpose has been a strong order of justice in the nation since the first time it was established. The system was designed to allow the citizens of the United States to receive a fair criminal trial regardless of social status, gender, race, and ethnic background. The system … Read more
The successive phase of mining contributed by subduing the continent. The mining frontier attracted population and wealth as well as advertising the found wonders of he west. The founding of metals helped finance the Civil War as it facilitated the building of railroads, enabled the Treasury to continue specie payments, and brought the silver issue … Read more
It was there that Europeans and Native Americans first came into contact; the Arrack natives came out to greet the whites, and the whites were only interested in finding the gold, “They brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they owned They were well-built, with good bodies and … Read more
Francheska Rosado Chapter 1 , A people’s History of the United States Christopher Columbus came thinking he found Asia when in fact all he found was the Americas. The ship they were in was called Saint Maria. The first place they landed was Cuba. They were in search for gold mostly, which Columbus promised the … Read more
The farmland that was left after deforestation wasn’t suited for long term farming. With that being said farmers had to continually cut forest down to have suitable farmland. At the time the Idea was absurd that they could cut all the forest down, to them and their mind set, it was an inexhaustible resource. The … Read more
The orps provides detachments for service aboard warships and for the protection of naval bases and stations. It guards U. S. embassies, legations, and consulates in countries abroad. The corps also guards the White House, the annual presidential retreat at Camp David, as well as the U. S. Naval Academy. The Marine Corps also performs … Read more
The farmland that was left after deforestation wasn’t suited for long term farming. With that being said farmers had to continually cut forest down to have suitable farmland. At the time the Idea was absurd that they could cut all the forest down, to them and their mind set, it was an inexhaustible resource. The … Read more
“A Kind of Revolution” is an article written by Howard Zion. Found the article from “A People’s History Of the United States”. Howard Zion claims to show a series of controversial facts about the Constitution and how it ultimately contributed to the failure of the union because of the issues that were not resolved, and … Read more
The successive phase of mining contributed by subduing the continent. The mining frontier attracted population and wealth as well as advertising the found wonders of he west. The founding of metals helped finance the Civil War as it facilitated the building of railroads, enabled the Treasury to continue specie payments, and brought the silver issue … Read more
The farmland that was left after deforestation wasn’t suited for long term farming. With that being said farmers had to continually cut forest down to have suitable farmland. At the time the idea was absurd that they could cut all the forest down, to them and their mind set, it was an inexhaustible resource. The … Read more
Chapter One: I am a bit angered by the driving statement in this chapter, which is that the atrocities of the past are quietly accepted for the sake of progress. Howard Zinn uses the instances of Columbus’ first arrival to the West Indies and the eventual mass genocide that took place as an example of … Read more
The United States courts and history and its purpose has been a strong order of justice in the nation since the first time it was established. The system was designed to allow the citizens of the United States to receive a fair criminal trial regardless of social status, gender, race, and ethnic background. The system … Read more
The world was still in shambles after the war to end all wars, so when smaller countries began falling to the dreaded red error, the United Nations had to start taking a stance. In a terrifying turn of events, the United States, representing the Capitalist West, would have to stand up to the spread of … Read more
Like any hall of fame, its inductees are the best in whatever they do, from baseball or football to something like being President. If you are a member of any hall of fame (including the one for the Presidents), it means that you have done something special or have a certain quality about yourself that … Read more
Had it not been for the American industrialization, we would not enjoy the technology we have in the year 2002. The reason we have this technology is that between those years a great change in the worlds history was made. People started to discover faster methods of producing goods, which increased their economy. However, this … Read more
Throughout American history, the fear that our leaders may sometimes think themselves above the law has always been evident. The fear is that power brings corruptness. To prevent this, however, the system of checks and balances has been installed into the Constitution. No one branch of government stands above the law in this setup. This … Read more
The term “glaucoma” encompasses a group of eye diseases, not a single entity. Glaucoma is described broadly in terms of aqueous fluid drainage through the trabecular meshwork, the major outflow pathway. There are two main types: angle closure glaucoma and open angle glaucoma. Open angle glaucoma is far more common in the United States. The … Read more
The British government had enormous problems after the enduring victory over France in the Seven Years War. The Seven Years War had virtually doubled the national public debt, and the attainment of half the territory in North America had vastly compounded the problems of controlling the empire. These circumstances required new revenues for the empire, … Read more
United States Prevention, Pesticides EPA-738-F-94-030 Environmental Protection And Toxic Substances September 1994 Agency (7508W) R.E.D. FACTS Limonene Pesticide Reregistration All pesticides sold or distributed in the United States must be registered by EPA, based on scientific studies showing that they can be used without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment. Because of advances … Read more
The emergence of the United States as a dominant party in balance of power equations is a relatively new phenomenon in world history. New military technology coupled with increased global integration has allowed the United States to reinvent the fundamental assumptions of international diplomacy while propelling itself to the top of the hegemonic stepladder. This … Read more