A titration is a technique used to find the solution of known concentration in the concentration of another unknown solution. Typically, the known solution is added from a known quantity of unknown solution until the reaction is complete. Titrations are also often used to determine the pH of a solution. This is important because without … Read more
Selenium, found in group 16 of the periodic table, follows a cycle in the environment as it transfers between the biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. It is also an essential element for humans and animals. It can cause both deficiencies and toxic effects if not taken in the correct quantities. This essay outlines the general features … Read more
Introduction Figure 1: Red Cabbage and Natural Universal Indicator Colour Changes I have always been interested in environmental conservation and colourful , and was one day transferred back to a particular day in the kitchen, as a young child, while observing my mother cook red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) coleslaw, which is … Read more
Procedure: Day 1: Buffer preparation First, the buffer was prepared by using the formula as follows: Figure 1: Calculation for prepare 0. 5 M Tris buffer at pH 6. 8 3. 033 g of Tris was weighed and placed in 400 ml beaker. Then, 25 mL of distilled water was added into the beaker that … Read more
Chemical equations are the symbolic representations of chemical reactions that are made up of reactants and products. It is made up of the chemical formulas of the reactants and the chemical formula of the products. The reactants are the substances or chemicals that takes part in during a reaction and the products are the chemicals … Read more
Can you make an egg bounce? Well the answer is yes, you make an egg bounce by using just a few steps. You can make this even more fun by doing this with a couple of friends. First you will need an egg. Then get a bowl. Also you will need vinegar. After you have … Read more
Receptors and Ligands: Examining the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on Daphnia magna physiology Abstract The following study was conducted in order to determine the effects of four different pharmaceutical compounds on the heart rate of Daphnia specimens. After basal heart rate was observed and computed, four different solutions each containing either an adrenergic, muscarinic, or … Read more
Hess’s Law and the Molar Enthalpy of Combustion for Magnesium Purpose:The purpose of the lab ultimately is to find the molar enthalpy of magnesium. This is done by finding the enthalpy changes of reactions (2) and (3). The enthalpy changes of reactions (2) and (3) along with the enthalpy change given for reaction (4) can … Read more
Because we synthesized the two most common kidney stones, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, we will focus on those two in the discussion of formation, treatment, and prevention. Calcium stones like calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones form when urine is “supersaturated with the constituent ions that comprise the stone” (Figge). This means, when urine … Read more
Being able to extract a compound or substance from a product or object will encourage us in being able to do the same in a similar manner with a tea solution. Extracting compounds is an important step in any kind of organic chemistry lab and will help us be better at accomplishing the experiment in … Read more
The purpose of this experiment was to find the identity of the unknown compound #12. This was done both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative observations were used to determine the functional group that was in the unknown, the quantitative results were used to determine the molar mass through Duma’s method. The types of compounds that … Read more
Esophageal benign stricture is the pathological stricture caused by any disease in esophageal antrum. In addition, the external pressure of the mucosal ring and the mediastinal tissue can also cause esophageal stricture. Benign stricture of the esophagus (BSE) can severely reduce quality of life and cause major complications such as aspiration, weight loss and malnutrition … Read more
Introduction In the substitution reactions, the leaving group from the substrate is replaced with the nucleophile. Because of the nucleophile it is called nucleophilic substitution. The lone pair of electrons, present on the nucleophile is used to create a new bond with the carbon atom, from which the leaving group was separated. There are two … Read more
Success of Dugesia tigrina regeneration in different water temperatures Abstract: The experiment at hand aimed to determine if the species Duguesia tigrina has an optimal temperature for regeneration. The experiment used three different spring water treatments of different temperatures. The treatments included a cool 12° treatment, a room temperature 25° treatment, and a warm 30° … Read more
What does Avogadro’s number mean? It is the theory that’s given by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro which states that “equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties”. And the number of molecules or atoms in exactly 1 mole … Read more
Introduction: A balanced chemical equation has reactants and product that has to represent a formulae. The amount of each element, number needs to be the same in either side of the equation. (E.g., HCl(aq)+NaHCO3(s) reacts to produce NaCl(aq)+H2O(1) +CO2(g), this is the equation given for this lab). This help us view the study of Law … Read more
The objective of this macromolecules lab was to identify the presence any of the major macromolecules in various every day food items. The three macromolecules that this lab was carried out for were carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. There were five different experiments conducted and each of those experiments had one factor in common, they all … Read more
My element was Thallium. It is atomic number 81. It has 81 protons and electrons and 123 neutrons. Thallium has a mass of 204.3833 atomic mass units. Its symbol is Tl. It resides in Group IIIA of the periodic table. That is the aluminum family. Thallium has a bluish color after exposure to the air. … Read more
There are 92 naturally occurring elements, only 17 of them make up 99.5% of the earth’s crust (including oceans and atmosphere). – In living things (plants, animals, people) the six most abundant elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. – The universe is dominated by the elements hydrogen (83%) and helium (16%)The Crust … Read more
Before we conduct these experiments there are some topics that we must discuss. As I stated in the purpose, in this lab we are going to be looking at some experiments, and we have to determine whether they are a cause of chemical or physical changes. The purpose for all the labs that we will … Read more
How chemistry affects us today. Our entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. Most people have chosen to write their essay about how chemistry has played an important role in everyday life. The simple fact is that chemistry plays an important role in … Read more
How chemistry affects us today. Our entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. Most people have chosen to write their essay about how chemistry has played an important role in everyday life. The simple fact is that chemistry plays an important role in … Read more
The birth of the modern atomic theory. In 1750, Rudder Bishopric, a scientist born in what is now Croatia, suggested the theory that atoms were “uncountable” might have been wrong. Obsolesce thought that atoms contain smaller parts, which In turn contain still smaller parts. And so forth down to the fundamental building blocks of matter. … Read more
The birth of the modern atomic theory. In 1750, Rudder Bishopric, a scientist born in what Is now Croatia, suggested the theory that atoms were “uncountable” might have been wrong. Bishopric thought that atoms contain smaller parts, which in turn contain still smaller parts, and so forth down to the fundamental building blocks of matter. … Read more
Notions of a similar kind have been hinted at by other Greek thinkers, but ever so fully elaborated. He states that all matter is composed of eternal, indivisible, indestructible and infinitely small substances which cling together in different combinations to form the objects perceptible to us. The Greek word for indivisible is atoms. This theory … Read more
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the structure of organic and inorganic matter( any substance or organism which has a mass and occupies space), its properties and reactions; however chemistry is primarily the duty of reactions that any given substance takes on when Interacting with another substance. Chemistry Is the mall Incentive … Read more
Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that fabricate our physical environment. why they hold the different properties that depict them, how their atomic structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed. Although organic reactions have been … Read more
Description: Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living things and the substance found in them. The main goal of biochemistry is to understand the structure and behavior of biomolecules. Biochemistry is a combination of chemistry and biology. It uses the methods of chemistry, physics, molecular biology, and immunology to study the structure and … Read more