The Human Mosaic Chapter 2

a cultivation system that features the interplanting of tress with field crops

landscapes that are prized for their natural and cultural aesthetic qualities by the tourism and real estate industries and their customers

the forceful appropriation of a territory by a distant state, often involving the displacement of indigenous populations to make way for colonial settlers

a situation in which local consumers favor nationally produced goods over imported goods as part of a nationalist political agenda

a hypothesis holding that cultural differences among places are being reduced by improved transportation and communications systems, leading to a homogenization of popular culture

traditional, rural; the opposite of “popular”

structures built by members of a folk society or culture in a traditional manner and style, without the assistance of professional architects or blueprints, using locally available raw materials

a small, cohesive, stable, isolated, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race; characterized by a strong family or clan structure, order maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, little division of labor other than that between the sexes, frequent and strong interpersonal relationships, and a material culture consisting mainly of handmade goods

the study of the spatial patterns and ecology of traditional groups; a branch of cultural geography

a cultural group that constitutes the original inhabitants of a territory, distinct from the dominant national culture, which is often derived from colonial occupation

highly locales knowledge about environmental conditions and sustainable land-use practices

landscapes that are planned and designed primarily for entertainment purposes, such as ski and beach resorts

distinct consumption practices and preferences in food, clothing, music, and so forth formed in specific places and historical movements

all physical, tangible objects made and used by members of a cultural group, such as clothing, buildings, tools and utensils, instruments, furniture, and artwork; the visible aspect of culture

the wide range of tales, songs, lore, beliefs, values, and customs that pass from generation to generation as part of an oral or written tradition

a spatial standardization that diminishes regional variety; may result from the spread of popular culture, which can diminish or destroy the uniqueness of place through cultural standardization on a national or even worldwide scale

a dynamic culture based in large, heterogeneous societies permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change; having a money-based economy, division of labor into professions, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; producing and consuming machine-made goods

groups of people with norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture to which they belong

economies in which people seek to consume only what they produce and to produce only for local consumption rather than for exchange or export

a (culture) region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spatial perception of the population at large, and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname (such as “Dixie”)

Two main rooms connected by a roofed breezeway

-Brick chimney running through center of house
-High, steeply sloped roofs
-Two doors on opposite side of the chimney

-A type of vernacular architecture unique to the Gulf Coast
-Began to be used frequently in the 19th century
-Has a porch and a high, gabled roof, which are styles that originated in French colonies

-Long and narrow
-Well-suited for warm climates
-in Alabama and Haiti

-Also called Temple and Wing or Gable Front and Wing
-Residential architectural style found in American vernacular architecture
-Popular from mid to late 19th century, typically has a gable ended “upright” section, typically two stories, with a one story ell or “wing” section

-Two and a half stories
-Two rooms deep
-Built around a central chimney

-Smaller than normal house
-Built of notched logs
-Two log rooms
-Double fireplace

-Made of brick
-Has a gabled front dormer window
-Usually has two chimneys
-Gothic revival

-Usually built on top of a cellar
-Building centered around the kitchen, which was considered the most important room
-Gothic to Swiss

-Constant changes
-Strip malls, shopping malls
-Big box stores, national chains

Migrating folk cultures seek similar lands
-eg. migration of Appalachian folk culture

Globalization in pop-culture
-Convergence hypothesis- cultures become more alike