What is the Emancipation Proclamation? Who signed it? When was it signed? Who were the beneficiaries or rather who did it affect? Where was it signed? What was its significance in American history and the history of Black Education? The Emancipation Proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863, and it was signed by Abraham Lincoln. The proclamation was signed in the White House in Washington D. C. in what John Hope Franklin describes as in the presence of a few friends, no effort was made for a large ceremony.
What is more interesting is what comes next in the actual moment of signing Lincoln took up the pen to sign the paper, his hand shook so violently that he could not write. ” However, later reminiscing on the moment that earned him quite a reputation Lincoln says: “I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right than I do in signing this paper. ” This comment seems really out of place for someone who’s hand was shaking so violently he almost could not sign the document.
Then again maybe Lincoln knew the history he was making. The beneficiaries of the Emancipation Proclamation were not as wide as one might think. The only slaves that were eligible for freedom under the proclamation were slaves who were nslaved in states that had seceded from the nation.
To be specific slaves from these states were now free “Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans) Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. ” However, slaves in northern states or states that were Southern but had not seceded were not free. They would not gain their freedom until the 13th amendment was passed by congress in January of 1865.
This is important to the history of Black Educations because it is laying the groundwork for education. For many ex-slaves education was equivalent to freedom. This is why we will see that ex-slaves will be the people to call for the first system of free public education. When a system of public education is finally installed black tax dollars will be used to fund it and black hildren will not be able to benefit from it. Ex-slaves will continue to fight the education system of inequality thought double taxation in order to ensure their children receive an education.
What is James D. Anderson’s main idea in The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935? Who was John Alvord, what was his role? Why do you think Anderson sees John Alvord as such an important historical source? -Is Anderson’s argument persuasive? Does he marshal enough evidence to “make his argument or case? ” James Anderson’s Main idea throughout the book is to give readers a new outlook on the black community’s commitment o education. In each chapter he outlines a new hurtle the communities had to jump over in order for children to be educated.
Anderson writes with depth and clarity unparalleled in this subject because he goes beyond the subject of segregation in schools that everyone knows about but he goes into the other social issues like double taxation and having a class of black conservative leaders spit out like robots. John Alvord was the national superintended of schools for the Freedmen’s Bureau, he was involved in the system of “native schools. ” These so called native schools were places of schooling here people of color educated themselves and others.
Common school were founded and maintained exclusively by ex-slaves starting in September of 1861. Beginning in 1866 in SO order to raise more funds officials closed all black native black schools by military order. The Freedmen’s Bureau then took control of the education system and transformed freed schools to supervised schools. Anderson important historical source, because he is a turning point in the history of Black education, and not for the better. When we see Alvord as such an Alvord take over the white architects of Black education start to move in.
Black students in the south had far less opportunities to seek a liberal education and were much more likely to find themselves suck in a manual labor industrial focused education after Alvord took over unfortunately. Anderson makes his case about the Black community and their whole hearted commitment to educations again and again. He does this through personal testimony, donation stories, statistics of money that was raised from rural black communities, etc. What was the Freedmen’s Bureau? When was it created? What General was placed over the bureau?
What effect did it have on the transition of the ex slave into American society? Describe some of the issues that the Bureau faced from it inception until its dissolution in 1872. What did the ex-slaves think about education? What evidence supports your interpretation? What is Black education? ” -“What are the origins, purposes, and outlooks” of Black education? -“Who were the architects of Black education? -“What has been the historical significance of Black education? ” The ex-slaves thought education was their ticket to true freedom.
Being educated meant that one was able to fend for themselves in an academic matter. They could sign paperwork, their names, enter contracts etc. Slaves were strictly prohibited rom learning to read or write while they were enslaved. When ex-saves were fundraising to build schools in the rural south this is what one man said as he donated his life savings: “”I want to see the children of my grandchildren have a chance, and so I am giving my all. The ex-slave’s commitment to education for the children and his willingness to sacrifice his life’s earnings inspired a larger audience.
Therefore, education especially reading and writing were placed on a pedestal, because it was so heavily punished before. The main goal of Black Education was to install of system of free public education and it took a ery long time to do so. The architects of black education were the northern philanthropists that took pity on the southern ex- slave and helped to fund their schools, because the tax dollars collected from southern blacks were only going to white schools.
These white architects of black education because they were funding the schools were allowed to decide how the schools should be run. Unfortunately, for blacks in the south that mean a liberal arts education was out of the question. Examples of these white philanthropic architects would include Samuel C Armstrong the founder of the Hampton Model of Normal Schools, Julius Rosenwald the CEO of Sears, William Baldwin, Robert Ogden, George Peabody and Booker T. Washington just to name a few.
Black education laid the groundwork for an infrastructure the US could not bear to be without, however it does not receive its due diligence. Black and brown schools continue to receive lower funding and resources and it blamed on test scores. When in reality, how can children in a run-down school be expected to succeed compared to children in a state of the art facility? The math does not add up, the “gifted and talented” students in these districts are either put in private or harter schools.
Which makes the test scores even lower for the remaining students, and further brings down moral. Why did Charles H. Thompson create The Journal of Negro Education? What purposes did Thompson design the Journal to serve? Evaluate the success of Thompson’s project to of using the courts (litigation) to compel the segregated states provide equal educational opportunity to African Americans in the South? How did Thompson’s work build upon and extend the work of proponents of liberal education that Anderson discussed in The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935?
