The purpose of this reasch paper is to reaserch and study the mental deisidse schizophrenia on the human brainand, its history. The question guideing this reaserch paper is what is schizophrena. The aim of this study is to learn more about the mental disorder that is schizophrena. Their will be various online reasours that support my claim on the mental disorder schizophrenia. Also I will be using an offline source as well to show history and effect on the brain from schizophrenia. I am going to analize and show the history and underlying effects of schizsophina disorder and explaining in underling facts about the diese.
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected people throughout history, and people with the disorder interpret reality very differently from people with out and experience and think that people are readering the mind or coming to find them in some way shape or form. The Various Concepts and History of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a long term mental disorder involving the breakdown between a person thoughts, a person emotion, and a person’s behavior which leads to a bad perception of the world around them.
Schizophrenia has five major symptoms or key symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech , disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (web). According to the DSM-5 two of these symptoms must be present or required and at least one of the first three I previously mentioned. There are many also many things that the mental disorder schizophrenia can do and there is a lot of history about it , and there is many factors that contribute to this mental disorder.
Thruout history there has been many mental disorders ,but throughout this history there has been a misconception of them for example that in medival times someone with a mental disorder was view as being possed or someone doing witchcraft because of their oddly behavior. For instance “witchcraft and demonic possession were considered to be the root of emotional disturbances. Confession and exorcism were therefore advocated as the means for overcoming and expelling these malevolent influences”(author,web).
The peole who were affected with mental diseses such as schizophrenia where subjected to these treatments. The first person credited to describe the dises is Emil Kraepelin (web2). “She characterized the disease as one of inevitable deterioration” (web 2). With the views of Kraeplin being pessimiastic because people with schizophrenia will detiriote the view started o change when the discovery of antipsycotic medication came around in the mid thentyth century , in regards to Frederick J.
Frese III reaseach the “result of this nascent optimism was the discharge to the community of the vast majority of those who were institutionalized because of their disorders, and as the 21st century began, over 95% of those who were or would have been in government psychiatric hospitals were then ‘living in the community’”(web 2). Also the early pessimistic view iis not reflected in the DSM-5 whhich says,” Still, many mental health professionals remain pessimistic”. (book).
There are genetic factors that play a role in schizophrenia , for example people that have immediate family that has as history of schizophrenia or other metal disorders have a higher chance and are more likely to get the disorder. In the past to see if genetics played a role on schizophrenia many years ago, to see if this was true researches used twins to see if a child’s genetics played a part of schizophrenia, as seen from this online article “if one identical twin has schizophrenia, the risk for the other twin (who has the exact same genes as his/her sibling) is only about fifty percent” (web 2).
This would show the complexity of genes that is not understood. In a recent study on genome scans for schizophrenia analysis: “some significance on several chromosomes. One meta-analysis, which looked at 20 different genome-wide datasets, identified a region on chromosome 2q” (web 5). In these studies they showed significances in genome 2q that can link into schizophrenia and its significance on the disorder. Also in cases of European decent there were some linkage on the 8g genome but they chromosomes areas are very large and they have a plethora of genes.
Genes and chromosomes play a large part in schizophrenia. In addition, there are many people with schizophrenia there is about three and a half million people diagnosed with schizophrenia because of that schizophrenia is one of the leading causes of disability several studies say that about twenty five percent of people that have the mental disorder recover completely from schizophrenia and about fifty percent improve their condition over a ten year period , and about twenty five percent don’t recover at all. Also between on third of all homeless people have schizophrenia (web 5).
Schizophrenia can be found in approximately 1. 1% of the world’s population, regardless of racial, ethnic or economic background(web 5). Three-quarters of persons with schizophrenia develop the illness between 16 and 25 years of age. (web 5). In the start of the nineteen hundreds most people view nature the primal cause of someone’s behavior. Around the nineteen thirties to about the nineteen sixties the belief changed and people believed that nurture and the environment they lived them was the primal cause of behavior.
As I stated before there was a case study on twins that where raised differently but come from a parent with schizophrenia and the chances of one of the twins being raised away in a totally different situation would decrease the chances of the twin to about fifty percent. Thus saying that nurture is a huge reason why people get schizophrenia. Also twins that are fraternal meaning two different eggs where fertilized the chances of one twin getting schizophrenia as the other one the chances are only seventeen percent chance of one of the twins getting schizophrenia according to (James 2002) .
With this reaserch it proves that nurture is a signifigant factore to the mental disorder schizophrenia the environmental effects that nutrue and where and how someone is raised affects the ability of someone to get the disese. There are many ways to treat schizophrenia but it is not cure-able. Schizophrenia requires a lifelong treatment even when symtoms have died down or subsided , there are treatments with medications and psychological therapy.
During severe crisis occurs ( when severe symptoms come up) hospilization may be necessary to make sure safety of the person with schizophrenia and make sure of a helthy diet and proper nutrition. Usally a psycaritrist experienced in treating schizophrenia ussly does or guides treatments and the treatment team usaly consist of many people such as a psycologist ,social worker, a cas manger to do and manage coordinante care , and a psycatric nurse, this full team apoach is avalibe at places or clinics where they specilzed wih people with the mental disorder schizophrenia.
Medication is a huge factor in schizophrenia treatment but since there are big side affect people with schizophrenia are reluctant to take them according to an article written by mayo clinic staff. Antipsycotic medications are the medication most comanly used by practitioners , they are used to control symtoms by affecting the brain neurotransmitters , dopamine , and serotonin levels to equal them out so people with schizophrenia wont start to get crisis.
There are conventional or first generation antipsycotic drugs for schizophrenia such as Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol (Haldol), and Perphenazine. These first generation drugs have frequent and signifigant side effects, including developing a movment disorder called tardive dyskinesia that may or may not be irreversible. These first generation drugs are cheaper than the new generation drugs and these first generation drugs are to be considered for long term treatment of schizophrenia