Chapert history

What provisions do you think were made for the newly freed African Americans? The states had the power to enact their own laws as long the laws were not in conflict with the federal constitution’s laws. The African Americans had to overcome strong white prejudice. DO you feel that the diplomatic weakness of the United … Read more

World History Final Review

World Final Review: China: Major dynasties after Gin Shank Capital Angry Had dynasty ruling families Shank Kings had little land and the nobles governed most of the land and were loyal to the king Noblewomen had status Majority of people were peasants and lived in poor conditions Chief God- Shank Did Polytheistic Believed ancestor worships- … Read more

Art history essay on Adopting an approach

What is important is the actual vase and thus, we should be asking questions about the vases and what the images on the vases represent and mean. Beard’s claim is that the images on Athenian pottery are directly related to Athenian culture, society and ideas. The images painted on Athenian pottery are not necessarily exact … Read more

History of Computer

It also used the binary (base 2) number system in computation, the results being converted to and from decimal (base 10) for the purposes of human consumption. The BBC used vacuum tubes, punched cards and a memory device that looked like a drum. Colossus 1943 Turing * made a major contribution to the development of … Read more

policing history

Historical Development of the Police CJA 204 10/14/2013 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the historical development of the police and it’s importance. Also the local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies under the Jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security and their purpose. Lastly, we touch on the Issues Facing the Police … Read more

Assignment: History of Lahore

He was one of the very few leaders who were never defeated in a battlefield . Early Life : Muhammad was the son of Substituting, a Turk-Persian slave of the Yemeni tribe who served Lapidating, the Turkish adventurer. Lapidating was earlier awarded the province of Ghanaian is eastern Afghanistan by the Caliph of Baghdad in … Read more

Ap Us History

The French-Indian War was a major turning point in relations between the Americans and the British. American colonists were generations removed from their British ancestry, and it showed on the battlefield. The Bruits and Americans had different tactics and ideals during the war. These differences created bitterness between the Americans and British economically, theologically, and … Read more

Pangasinan History

Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 1. 5 million. The Pangasinan language is one of the officially recognized regional languages In the Philippines. Pangaslnan is spoken as a second- language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The most significant minority ethnic groups in Pangasinan are the Ilocano, Bolinao, and Tagalog. … Read more

Thomson on Abortion

In one of the more frequently discussed articles of contemporary philosophy, Judith Thomson addresses a woman’s moral rights to abort a pregnancy Instead of giving birth to an undesired child. She applies this dilemma to many different circumstances, including those of rape, as well as a life-endangering pregnancy. Most debates against abortion argue the premise … Read more

The Changing Role of Women in Chinese History

The Changing Role of Women In Chinese History Those familiar with Pearl S. Buck’s classic novel of Chinese life The Good Earth will recall that when female children were born, they were referred to with contempt and disappointment as “slaves. ” In Chinese culture since ancient times, that term was not much of an exaggeration … Read more

Theoretical perspectives relating to abortion

Abortion has been growing as a social problem for years now. The act of pursuing an abortion is not a real issue today. Individuals who decide to seek an abortion may be unaware of how they get the abortion; that is whether they are having the procedure performed safely or unsafely. Private Issues of fear … Read more

Fearing a back-alley abortion

God if a child lives and who are we to decide if someone has no right to live. “Annie turned way, her eyes glittering. Here’s what no one tells you,’ she said. When you deliver a fetus, you get a death certificate, but not a birth certificate. And afterward, your milk comes in, and there’s … Read more

Art history

Grace GAO grace GAO is a freshman in the ditch film & TV program. Her film is titled: black & white. She was born in Beijing and attended high school in Irving, California. An accomplished pianist, grace collaborates with other student filmmakers to combine her literary, musical ideas into short films. She is also a … Read more

History of Advertising

In the 16th century some companies had a trade mark which was a two or three dimensional picture or sign. In both volume and technique, advertising has made its greatest advances in the u S. In the early stages Of U. S. Advertising it was hard and expensive to advertise nationally because the U. S. … Read more

Basketball History

The History of Basketball Basketball is one of the great sports that we play today. Dr. James Naismith is known as the world-wide inventor of basketball. He was born on November 6, 1861 in Almonte, Ontario, Canada. James was clergyman, educator, and physician. Later in his life he went on to be an instructor at … Read more

The Importance of Life (Abortion)

Fox News, about 1. 5 million women in the US abort with unintentional pregnancies. This is not morally correct. Therefore, the US should not allow women to have abortions. First, murder is Illegal and aborting is murdering a fetus. Abortion is also planned murder, so It can be considered as a first-degree murder. A fetus … Read more

The History of Mental Illness

People with depression and people who are sad are something totally different. Last y, people with schizophrenia are viewed as crazy and dangerous. For these reasons, history has viewed these individuals differently and have been misunderstood. Because of the fact that people never quite understood mental illness, undivided LULAS were often mistreated. If you had … Read more

History of Law Enforcement

Historical Beginnings Historical development of law enforcement agencies goes back to the United States Constitution. It tells how the federal, state, and local agencies came Into existence, and what purpose they were to serve. This report will give details on each separate law enforcement agency, what their Jurisdictions are, along with descriptions of the Individual … Read more

Analysis of American History X

The story follows the life of both Derek and Danny as Danny examines the life events that have shaped his families life. Through “American History X”, the viewer is exposed to many social psychological principles including racism, aggression, violence, conformity/ social influence, stereotyping prejudice and conformation bias just to name a few. Most frequently saw … Read more

History of Photography

History of Photography I have heard, more than once, that a picture is worth a thousand words. Although I can’t quote who said it, I could not agree more. A photograph is a very powerful tool, capable of telling a complete story with just one picture; let’s just hope the story is true. If taking … Read more

A people’s history of the United States

“A Kind of Revolution” is an article written by Howard Zion. Found the article from “A People’s History Of the United States”. Howard Zion claims to show a series of controversial facts about the Constitution and how it ultimately contributed to the failure of the union because of the issues that were not resolved, and … Read more

The History of the American Dream

The American Dream is widely considered to be the most Important national ethos of the United States of America. The ideology of the American Dream is that the basic rights of freedom and liberty in the US Include the opportunity for everyone In the land to achieve prosperity, success and upward social mobility through hard … Read more

The History of Bedford, Texas

The reason I chose to do Bedford, Texas as my home town history project is because I have always known what town I was born in, but never really knew anything about it. A short history of Bedford, Texas The Old Bedford School is significant as one of the last surviving traces of the early … Read more

Donut History

i. HISTORY Doughnut or more popularly known as donut is not a pervasive culinary culture here in Malaysia, although thousands of donuts at roadside stalls and the school canteens have been selling this as long as we can remember. Then came the Dunkin’ Donuts (from United States) who revolutionized the way we look at donuts, and … Read more

History of Computing Hardware

History of computing hardware The history of computing hardware is the record of the constant drive to make computer hardware faster, cheaper, and store more data. Before the development of the general-purpose computer, most calculations were done by humans. Tools to help humans calculate were then called “calculating machines”, by proprietary names, or even as … Read more

History of Engineering

This article treats electronics engineering as a subfield of electrical engineering, though some consider them as two separate fields. Electrical engineers may work on such things as the construction of electric power stations, the design of telecommunications Systems, the wiring and lighting Of buildings and transport vehicles, the design of household appliances, or the electrical … Read more

History of Rock and Roll

The premise of this work Is that rock ‘n’ roll matters, and that It means what it says. It seems that rock ‘n’ roll music has seldom been given its due as an art form, that It Is somehow relegated to a category of less “mature” or “serious” artistic pursuits by the media and the … Read more

The History of Rap and Censorship

The beginnings of rap are believed to based on African rhythms that were used as a form of communication by the native peoples. The lyrical component of rap music is thought to have been greatly influenced by Cab Galloway with his repetitive chants and scats, along with his call-and-response technique with the audience. Rap evolved … Read more

The effects of adoption and abortion

There are so many different feeling about abortion and adoption. People do not think about the damage that both of these decisions can affect the women whom have made them. There are so many different reasons women give for making the decisions to end their pregnancy or to give a child away. The damage that … Read more

Ancient History and Prehistory

Ancient history is the study of the written past[1] from the beginning of recorded human history to the Early Middle Ages. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, with Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing, from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC. [2] This is the beginning of … Read more

History of the Medical Use of Marijuana

The term “marijuana” is a word with indistinct origins. Some believe it is derived from the Mexican words for “Mary Jane”; others hold that “marijuana” comes from. the Portuguese word marigu-ano which means “intoxicant” (Geller and Boas, 1969: 14). This section outlines the many and varied uses of marihuana through history, and deals with its … Read more

Apple Inc History

History Apple computer was founded on April 1st, 1976 by Steven Jobs, Steven Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. Prior to the Apple’s beginnings,Jobs had worked at Hewlett-Packard and the video game company Atari Inc. Wozniak also worked at HP where the two first met in 1972. It was Jobs who told his future partner about his … Read more

Carrefour History

Carrefour was started in Paris, France by the Fournier and Deoffrey families in 1959. In 1960, the company opened its first supermarket, followed by the opening of the first Carrefour hypermarket in Sainte-Genevive-des-bois in 1963. In 1969, the opening of the first Carrefour store in Belgium marked the beginning of Carrefour’s international expansion. Between 1970 … Read more

Fukuyama the End of History

Does the Marxist critique of capitalism still have relevance today? Despite the continuous and exaggerated proclamations toward its diminishing relevance, the theories and critiques originally put forth by Karl Marx toward the economic, political and social order continue to exert enormous intellectual influence and clout throughout human society. The 21st century, thus far, has been … Read more

A History of Christianity in Uganda

Kevin Ward Began and Charlatanry Began in the 19th Century [1] Christianity came late to Uganda compared with many other parts of Africa. Missionaries first arrived at the court of Kafka Mutates in 1877, almost a century after the missionary impetus from Europe had begun. And yet within 25 years Uganda had become one of … Read more

History of Child Protective Services

History of Child Protective Services Abstract The purpose of this research paper was to examine the history of child protective services and the changes made to better help families and protect children. This research will Illustrate how efforts have been made to improve child protection. The research will Illustrate eras of child protection until today’s … Read more

Ap Us History Court Cases

The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2. Ex part End (1944). The court forbade the internment of Japanese-Americans born in the U. S. (Nisei) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954, Warren). Unanimous decision declaring “separate but equal” unconstitutional. Gideon v. Handwriting (1963). Extends to the … Read more

The Abortion Debate

The Abortion Debate David F. Close Grand Canyon university Sys. 369 April 14, 2013 Abstract The abortion debate is fast and furious these days there are conservatives saying no abortion of any kind and liberals saying lets allow abortion under certain circumstances and certain periods of time. The debate has also resulted in the emergence … Read more

History of Harley Davidson

Harley Davidson usually put in a short form as H-D or Harley, is a motorcycle manufacturer. Created by Arthur and Walter Davidson and William Harley in the early of the 20th century (1903) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the united state of America, it was one of the best motorcycle manufacturers in USA to endure the … Read more

The Abortion Case Roe vs Wade

The Abortion Case: Roe vs… Wade Abstract Roe vs… Wade is one of the most controversial cases in U. S. History. The historic decision made by the U. S. Supreme Court in 1973 legalized abortion on a federal level. Now more than thirty years later people all over the country are trying to overturn the … Read more

US Expansion Essay – AP History

Through the course of history, American expansionist incentives have shifted from withstanding foreign influence, to taking on a erect role in instituting democratic control where it deems necessary, most notably American control in the Philippines. Throughout American expansionism, an emphasis on divine right has encouraged the spread Of American influence. This principle revolutionized from expansion … Read more

The History Of Medicine

Tribal healers was held high political and social positions and was responsible on performing religious ceremonies and protecting the tribe from ad weather, poor harvest and catastrophe. 4. Surgery and medicinal herbs was also used to treat wounds. The Mesopotamia studied heptathlons ( a detailed examination of the liver), believing that liver was the seat … Read more

The Abortion

Nowadays abortion is a topic that causes a lot of polemic, according to Deanne Turret, “abortion consists on the interruption of the pregnancy through the expulsion of the embryo or fetus”. There are two kinds of abortion, the first one Is the natural caused by the death of the embryo Inside the belly, and the … Read more

History of Softball

History of Softball Many people assume that softball came about from baseball, the sport’s first game actually came about because of a football game. The history of softball dates back to Thanksgiving Day of 1887 when several alumni sat in the Chicago, IL Farragut Boat Club anxiously awaiting the outcome of the Yale vs. Harvard … Read more

Ap World History Vocabulary Words

The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct, sides, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. 8. Byzantine Economy & Society: Constantinople claimed a population of one million people or more. To feed this enormous … Read more

Western History

As I was introduced to the history of art, I soon learned that there are three main ways in which art in the west was visible. Pictures are one of the three ways in which art was made back in the day. Personally I found very interesting the self-portraits that artists made. For instance, I … Read more

History of La Cosa Nostra

Running Header: {History of La Cosa Nostra} History of La Cosa Nostra UNK Dr. Neal CJ 380 12. 01. 2011 Envision a world where crime is king; a world where mobsters were more influential than political figures, controlled law enforcement, and ran cities to line their own pockets. They stole from whom they wanted and … Read more

History development of accounting principles

Callahan-Babylonian, Assyrian and Sumerian civilizations the producers of the first organized government in the world, and some f the oldest written languages and the oldest surviving business records; the Egyptian civilization – where scribes formed the pivots on which the whole machinery of the treasury and other departments turned; the Chinese civilization – with government … Read more

Wireless Local Area Networks: History and Types of WLAN

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Definition: A wireless LAN (or WLAN, for wireless local area network, sometimes referred to as LAWN, for local area wireless network) is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless (radio) connection. The IEEE 802. 11 group of standards specify the … Read more

A Brief Look at the History of the Dow Jones

A Brief Look at the History of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Not much had changed in the twelve years between Mr. Dow’s eleven stocks’ first appearance in the daily financial bulletin, Customer’s Afternoon Letter, and the twelve ‘smokestack’ companies that debuted on the Dow Jones Industrial Average on May 26, 1896. An interesting thing … Read more

History: Study Guide

Define/ Identify: secede, sharecropping, 13. What were the main causes of the Civil War? 14. How did the union Army initially react to the desire by many blacks to serve in the military? 15. How effective was the Emancipation Proclamation in freeing the slaves? . In what capacity were the slaves in the South used … Read more

History of Mozart

History of Mozart Childhood and Adulthood Mozart was born in Salisbury, Austria on January 27, 1756. HIS father, a skilled violinist and music teacher himself, encouraged his young son to play many Instruments from the tender age of three; instruments ranging from the violin to the organ and beyond. By the age of five, Mozart … Read more

Music Medium History

The love of music seems to be the common thread that creates bond throughout every generation, and in turn, music is attached to and is frequently used to define an era. “The impact of music is impossible to measure” (Vivian, pig. 254). A musical timeline holds and transports the details of significant events of its … Read more

History Study Guide

Globalization I September 5, 13 From Western Civilization to Global History Why study history? Orientation – why do we…? How did we get here? Analysis – avoiding past mistakes (ex: appeasement), Edmund Burke, “Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it. ” “The only thing we learn from history is that we learn … Read more

Our American History

The multiple causes of disunion in the sass’s stemmed from decades of differing views between Americans in the North and South. From the time of the American Revolution through the Secession of the seven states which made up the Confederate States of America, each part of the country held differing views on government, economics, territorial … Read more

The History of Digital Marketing

The History of Digital Marketing With the invention of the Internet, the world is progressively getting smaller and smaller. Back in the early 1990’s, the Internet began being used as a way for people to communicate with one another, search for information, and purchase things in an online forum. That was the beginning of the … Read more

A short History of Maria Montessori

A Short History of DRP. Marl Interiors and her Methods Teaching a two years old child how to be Independent, responsible and confident sounds Impossible, but more than 100 years back an Italian doctor named Marl Interiors made It possible. As she believed “the study of child psychology In the first years of life opens … Read more

The History of American Literature

The same stories, fables, or belief structures were told repeatedly, each time Identical to the last, and were memorized by the listeners so they would be able to pass these on to the next generation. They also used pictures, carvings, or special mementos such as bones, teeth, feathers, or skins as reminders of great hunts … Read more

A Brief History of the Growth of Jazz

A Brief History of the Growth of Jazz This music, first practiced by African Americans and Creoles, before being adopted also by Euro-American musicians, probably akin to archaic Jazz. We do, however, no documentation about it, other than oral testimony to writing. There is Indeed a dimension of jazz that makes It both original and … Read more

Themes in the U.S. and World History

In the riverbed there was also sandstone and limestone that was used for building temples, statues and pyramids. The second way the Nile benefited Egypt development was the benefit to agriculture. The Nile provided farmers a way to irrigate crops as well as provided fertile top soil to farmers. The Nile had a wide riverbed … Read more

Terms in Reference to Abortion

To understand the full meaning of abortion, It Is Important to first understand the meaning of the words conception, embryo, and life. Conception occurs when a male sperm cell from a fertile man goes through the vagina of a woman into the uterus and Joins with the woman’s egg cell as it travels down one … Read more

History

What is the effect of lifestyle choice on natural resource sustainability? Although many of us, if not most of us, have some idea of what sustainability means conceptually, how many of us have an idea of what this means in terms of our lifestyle and personal responsibilities? Where the progress of society towards a sustainable … Read more

Empires in world history

As the end of the course is nearing, functionally and thematically It is not unexpected that the primary and secondary sources reviewed this week debate the prevalence of one of the world’s rather youngest empires, the united States of America. To begin, IANAL Ferguson asserts that an empire encompasses “economic penetration, military projection and cultural … Read more

Taking a Stand Against Abortion

As law abiding citizens, taking the life of another should not be a luxury that mothers are given as a solution to their problems. In this essay I will be explaining to you some side effects of having an abortion, scientific evidence of when life begins, and reasons why people have an abortion. Most people … Read more

Support for Abortion

Involves the termination of a pregnancy or ending the life of an unwanted and unborn fetus. According to most pro-choice people, abortion means getting rid or terminating a pregnancy and not necessarily killing a fetus. They believe that the unborn child is only an embryo or fetus, not an actual living baby. According to the … Read more

Social problems- Abortion

In this essay, we will discuss why abortion has been identified as a social problem. We will not be discussing the origin of the social problem, but rather the type of problem it is, and why this problem has not been resolved In the past. In the work Social Problems, by Elton, Zion, and Smith, … Read more

Health History

Jarvis (2012) state that the purpose of a health history Is to collect subjective data- what the person tells you about himself or herself. This gives a complete picture of the person’s past and present health. This Information will help the nurse or physician determine if you are doing everything right, but also what you … Read more

History of the United States

The successive phase of mining contributed by subduing the continent. The mining frontier attracted population and wealth as well as advertising the found wonders of he west. The founding of metals helped finance the Civil War as it facilitated the building of railroads, enabled the Treasury to continue specie payments, and brought the silver issue … Read more

History and Physical for Putul Barua

HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION or EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TREATMENT RECORD Patient Name: Putul Barua panent ID: 135799 sex: Male Room NO. : CCU4 Date of Admission/Date of Arrival: 01107/2013 Admitting/Attending Physician: Simon Williams, MD Admitting Diagnosis: 1 . ) Rule out myocardial infarction. 2. ) History of tuberculosis. 3. ) Hemoptysis. 4. ) Status post embolectomy. … Read more

13th Century Art History Notes

The Thirteenth Century •Early 14th Century and late 16th Century •New kind of collaboration between artists and patrons, religious civic institutions and between the perceived relationship of past to present. •Emphasis on the potential of the human being, power of a liberal classical education to produce a well rounded individual. •Rivalry between Siena and Florence … Read more

Should Abortion Be Restricted

Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? First before we get Into the many sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion Is the destruction of the fetus or unborn … Read more

Samsung Electonics History Brief Summary

In 2000, Samsung Electronics held the leading market position in the code division multiple access (CDMA) Handset, DRAM, SRAM, and color monitor markets. Samsung Electric Industries was established as a subsidiary Of Samsung Group in 1969 in Swoon, South Korea. Its early products were electronic and electrical appliances including televisions, calculators, refrigerators, air conditioners and … Read more

Dbq World History

Chapter 1 DBQ The role of the physical environment in the development of early civilization in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley led to societies flourishing, construction of complex buildings, and the development of a set of belief systems. Physical environment helped with the development of early civilization in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley … Read more

Revisionist History of Roman Legions

History today can be either greatly exaggerated or underrated by movies and other presentations of major events in history Movies give an account of the historical past a “Hellenized” look to make the viewer more fascinated and entertained by the story. Movies such as Centurion, Last Legion, and The Eagle are In fault “Woolgathering” the … Read more

American History.Federalism

Federalism is a government system where same territory is governed by two levels of government, normally involving a national and a local government. In this system, the national government controls issues that concern the whole country, while the local governments control issues limited to the lower regions such as states and counties among other forms … Read more

Brief History of Jamia Millia Islamia

Jamia Millia Islamia, an institution originally established at Aligarh in United Provinces, India in 1920 became a Central University by an act of the Indian Parliament in 1988. In Urdu language, Jamia means ‘University’, and Millia means ‘National’. The story of its growth from a small institution in the pre-independence India to a central university … Read more

Philippine History, Influences from Other Countries

Capalad, Raul Miguel C. January 3, 2012 2JRN2 I. During the Philippine pre-colonial period, the basic political subdivision was known as the barangay, which is ruled by a datu or “village chief. ” Within the barangay are multiple political divisions, the highest of which is the nobles. The nobles, which include the Datu and his … Read more

Chemistry (History)

Notions of a similar kind have been hinted at by other Greek thinkers, but ever so fully elaborated. He states that all matter is composed of eternal, indivisible, indestructible and infinitely small substances which cling together in different combinations to form the objects perceptible to us. The Greek word for indivisible is atoms. This theory … Read more

History Of Marketing

This was due to the pure energy and the size of productivity brought by the Industrial Revolution including the innovation of the telephone and electricity. 1 ass’s to sass’s commonly known as the Production Era, because during the Industrial Revolution goods were scarce and producers could sell pretty much what they could produce providing people … Read more

Should Abortion Be Legalized in All Countries

There are many different views about legalization of abortion. This topic Is a very argumentative one. But before I have my own points to make, we have to define abortion. Abortion is the deliberate termination of human pregnancy, in other words, removal a fetus from its mother’s womb before birth. In Hong Kong, Abortion is … Read more

Hip hop history

Hip Hop History Along with the Immensely popular genre of hip hop music, hip hop dance history Is a facet that has really boosted the popularity of the help hop culture. Over a period of time hip hop dance has really caught on big time in the mainstream media, and the exposure it is given … Read more

History of Historical Linguistics

?History of historical linguistics Modern historical linguistics dates from the late 18th century and grew out of the earlier discipline of philology, the study of ancient texts and documents, which goes back to antiquity. At first historical linguistics was comparative linguistics and mainly concerned with establishing language families and the reconstruction of prehistoric proto-languages, using … Read more

History Cw Investigation

Had Hitler not have used coercion in this example then it could have been possible that the “radical ambitions of the AS, who kept longing for a real social revolution. “6 May have had enough trench to remove Hitler from power and begin a revolution of their own; therefore in this case coercion proved to … Read more

History of Skateboarding Speech

Title of Speech: The History of Skateboarding Attention Getter In the 1970s California skateboarders, with no skate parks to practice in, would drive through neighborhoods in search of empty swimming pools. While pools were easy enough to find, however, empty ones were not. Many skaters began to cart around hoses, pumps, brooms and other gear … Read more

History of Africa

By the end of the course/unit the learner should be able to: I) Explain why Africa is the cradle of humankind. II) Describe the origin and development of Agriculture, mining and manufacturing. Ill) Discuss rise and fall of early civilizations of Egypt, More and Exam. V) Describe the emergence and spread of Bantu, Clutches and … Read more